Mastering the Basics: 5 Essential Judo Techniques Every Beginner Should Know

Judo, the gentle way, is more than just a martial art – it’s a journey of self-discovery, discipline, and physical development. For young beginners stepping onto the tatami for the first time, the world of judo can seem overwhelming with its Japanese terminology and complex throwing techniques. However, like any worthwhile journey, mastering judo begins with understanding its fundamental principles and basic  beginner judo techniques. 

Introduction: The Importance of Mastering Basics in Judo

In judo, the basics aren’t just for beginners—they’re the foundation upon which all advanced skills are built. Even Olympic champions spend countless hours perfecting their basic techniques. For young judoka, developing a strong foundation ensures safe practice, builds confidence, and creates the muscle memory necessary for progression.

As legendary judo founder Jigoro Kano once said, « It is not important to be better than someone else, but to be better than yesterday. » With this philosophy in mind, let’s explore the five essential techniques every young judoka should master.

Technique 1: The Art of Falling (Ukemi)

Before learning to throw, a judoka must learn to fall safely. Ukemi (breakfalling) might not seem as exciting as throws, but they are arguably the most important skills in judo for beginners to learn. 

Why it’s important:

Good ukemi prevents injuries and builds confidence. Once a child knows they can fall safely, they’ll be more willing to try new techniques. 

Key types of ukemi:

• Mae-ukemi (forward fall): Falling forward onto forearms, stomach off the mat

• Ushiro-ukemi (backward fall): Rolling backwards, chin tucked in

• Yoko-ukemi (side fall): Landing on the side with an outstretched arm slapping the mat

• Zenpo-kaiten (forward roll): Rolling forwards diagonally over the shoulder

Practice tip:

Start practicing under supervision in a Dojo with an accredited judo coach. 

For a comprehensive guide to learning breakfalls safely, check out Koka Kids’ Learn Judo Breakfalls & 10 Agility Tests book, which covers all four main forms of ukemi with clear illustrations.

Technique 2: Osoto-gari (Major Outer Reap)

Osoto-gari is one of the first throwing techniques taught to beginners because of its straightforward mechanics and effectiveness. Learning osoto-gari is easy if you follow these steps:

How to perform it:

1. Grip your partner’s sleeve and collar

2. Step forward, placing your right foot outside your partner’s right foot

3. Pull your partner forward and slightly upward with your hands while sweeping their leg backward with your right leg

4. Continue the motion until your partner falls safely onto their back

Common mistakes:

Beginners often forget to unbalance their partner first. Remember: unbalance (kuzushi) before the throw!

 Safety note:

Practice this technique slowly with a cooperative partner who knows how to fall properly, in a Dojo with proper guidance.

Looking to perfect your throwing techniques? Koka Kids offers excellent resources in their 40 Judo Throws collection that breaks down each throw into easy-to-follow steps.

Technique 3: O-goshi (Major Hip Throw)

O-goshi introduces young judokas to the concept of hip throws, which are fundamental in judo.

How to perform it:

1. Grip your partner’s sleeve and hold them around their waist.

2. Turn your back to your partner, positioning your hips below theirs

3. Pull your partner close to your hip while bending your knees slightly

4. Straighten your legs and pull with your arms to lift and throw your partner over your hip

Practice tip:

Try the « hula hoop » drill—place a hula hoop on the ground and practice turning into the throw position while keeping both feet inside the hoop. This helps develop proper foot positioning.

Remember:

Keep your back straight and use your legs, not your back, to lift.

Judo Kids can join the I-Dojo to learn more basics

Make learning judo easy with the Koka Kids Interactive Dojo – see animation of the throws and get weekly tips from world champion, Nik Fairbrother – join here!

Technique 4: Kesa-gatame (Scarf Hold)

Groundwork is an important part of judo and Kesa-gatame is a fundamental holding technique that teaches control. 

How to perform it:

1. From a side position, slide your arm under your partner’s head and grip their far arm

2. Keep your chest low against their upper body

3. Position your legs wide in a stable triangle shape

4. Keep your weight centered on your partner’s chest

Key points:

Maintain chest-to-chest contact and keep your weight forward. Young judokas should practice escaping from this hold as well as applying it.

Game idea:

« Hold for 10! » – one partner tries to hold kesa-gatame for a count of 10 while the other tries to escape. This makes ground practice more engaging.

For more groundwork techniques and fun challenges, check out Koka Kids’ 10 Judo Holddowns & 10 Challenges book, perfect for beginners learning the fundamentals of newaza (ground techniques).

 Technique 5: Seoi-nage ( Shoulder Throw)

This dynamic throw introduces the important concept of turning into a throw and using leverage instead of strength.

How to perform it:

1. Grip your partner’s sleeve and collar 

2. Turn in and place your elbow under your partner’s arm.

3. Lower your center of gravity by bending your knees

4. Lift using your legs to throw them over your shoulder

 Drill suggestion:

Practice the entry repeatedly without throwing. Turn in and out repeatedly to build muscle memory. 

Safety Tips for Practicing Judo Techniques for Beginners

• Always practice with proper supervision from a qualified instructor

• Warm up thoroughly before practicing throws

• Start with static practice (no movement) before adding movement

• Use crash mats when available for learning new throws

• Respect your partner’s abilities and physical limits

• Never force a technique – if it doesn’t work, try again with better technique rather than more strength

• Remove jewelry and ensure fingernails are trimmed

• Stay hydrated and take breaks when needed

Learning More Judo Basics for Kids

Judo is not just about learning techniques—it’s about developing character, discipline, and respect. As your child masters these five fundamental techniques, they’ll gain confidence, improve their coordination, and develop a deeper appreciation for this beautiful sport and way of life.

Remember that progress in judo is personal and not competitive. Celebrate small improvements, and encourage regular practice. The journey of a thousand throws begins with a single ukemi!

New to judo terminology? Koka Kids’ free ebook Learn Judo Terminology: 85 Japanese Words is an excellent resource to help beginners understand the Japanese terms used in judo classes.

For more judo resources, games, and activities designed specifically for young judokas, explore our other Koka Kids Books available on Amazon. Happy training, and remember the judo principle of mutual welfare and benefit: Jita Kyoei!

This guide is meant as an introduction only. Always practice judo under qualified supervision and follow the safety guidelines of your dojo.